The reactions of carbon disulfide and sulfur dioxide with small carboxylate anions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In one form or another both acid gases and carboxylates have existed from prebiotic earth all the way to the present day.Here we have studied the reactions of carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) with naked carboxylate anions (RCOO -) to observe the types of interactions possible.The reaction of CS 2 with acetate (CH 3 COO -) in acetonitrile under an inert atmosphere proceeded via an exchange mechanism.This produced carbonyl sulfide gas (COS) and a thioacetate salt, which was characterized by X-ray crystallography.On the other hand, under the same conditions, the reaction of SO 2 with formate (HCOO -) created a radical sulfur species.Overall, this led to the isolation of H 2 and CO 2 gases and to the formation of a number of possible S x O y n-species.Both reactions are thermodynamically stable enough to occur when salts of the anions, with large, noncoordinating cations, are exposed to the acid gases.The variety and biological importance of the products produced in these simple reactions show that their study may still hold many interesting and important new findings.iii To start off, I have to thank my supervisor Dr. Jason Clyburne for giving me the opportunity to do my honors project at all.Working with him and the other members of the Clyburne group has been one of the best learning experiences I've had at Saint Mary's and has given me a new respect for chemistry.Jason never let me get discouraged and was always a good person to help figure out where to go next.Without Dr. Kathy Robertson it is likely that this thesis wouldn't exist.Kathy has put in an enormous amount of work, keeping all of the Clyburne group on track this year with three different honors projects going on at the same time.Between handling the X-ray crystallography, helping to trouble shoot experiments and spending the time to edit this thesis so reading it is bearable, very little would get done around here without her.I have to thank Juha Hurmalainen at the University of Jyvskyl in Finland and Michael Johnson at Dalhousie University for both helping out with the EPR experiments.While the conditions of the experiments did not lend themselves well to EPR, both of them were very patient with me, helping to find a way to make it work.And their findings ended up being essential in the final identification of the reaction products.The wonderful staff here at Saint Mary's also deserves a huge thanks.Whether it was Patricia Granados, who spent a great deal of time helping me with separation techniques, or the technicians, helping me to track down all of the random things I needed, the entire process was smoothed over by them.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".