A longitudinal examination of heritability in the developing dental arcade
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined the relative influences of genetics and the environment in the determination of variation in dental arcade size and shape in an upper middle class modern Canadian population of European ancestry. Heritability provides an estimate of the proportion of genetic, as distinct from environmental, contributions to a quantitative trait's variation within a population. The relative importance of genetics in defining dental arcade size and shape was examined in adults who had achieved their functional permanent dentition, and in the longitudinal patterns of the dental arcade during development. The sample for this project (142 families, N=632 individuals, and 85 additional sibships, N = 214 individuals) was taken from the files of the Burlington Growth Centre, in the Faculty of Dentistry, at the University of Toronto. Thirty-two dimensions were derived from the dental casts of parents and their children at the age stages of 4 years, 14 years, and 16–21 years. Dental arcade measurements involved the determination of three proportions (1) arcade widths; (2) arcade depths and chords; (3) arcade size ratios.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".