Colon polyps and cytokines: emerging immunological mechanisms.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cell-mediated immune responses are an essential aspect of tumour-host interactions in colorectal cancers. The progression from precancerous (adenomatous) colon polyps to malignant colorectal cancer depends on a complex pathway involving the activities of activated T lymphocytes. The immune response is initiated when either cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) CD8+ cells or CD4+ T-helper cells recognize the antigen from a human cancer cell. The cell-mediated response is largely initiated and controlled by the actions of various cytokines, which exert profound effects on T cell proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, apoptosis, and host immunity. The existence of an immune response to colon cancer is supported by studies of immunological treatments in humans and transplantable murine cancer models in animals. IL-2, IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and TRAIL are implicated in enhancing cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in response to colon adenomas. In addition, growth factors, oncogenic cytokines and immunosuppressive factors may play a crucial role in the growth and survival of premaligant colonic tissue. This review aims to increase knowledge of the immunological mechanisms underlying colon tumour progression in the hopes that a greater understanding of the molecular pathways will lead to improved methods of prognosis and treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".