Long Distance Commuting and Couple Satisfaction in Israel and United States: An Exploratory Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Employment related mobility is on the increase and long distance extended commuting has become a substitute for migration. Details on patterns of voluntary long distance extended mobility were gathered and propositions based on deficit and resilience perspectives of the impact of commuting couple satisfaction were assessed. From 2010 to 2012, using a staticgroup comparison research design both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from a non-probability convenience sample of 434 respondents in Israel and 130 in the U.S. Commuters, especially in Israel, were most often males, older, married and in relationships longer than non-commuters. While length of commuting did not impact overall satisfaction with commuting couples' relationships, frequency of commutes had a modest negative impact. While satisfaction reports from noncommuting couple members were consistently higher than the reports from commuting couples, the majority of both groups reported satisfaction with their relationships. But commuting appears to have a modest negative impact on couples' satisfaction with their relationships. Women who supported gender specific roles for couples were more likely than men to report greater satisfaction with their relationships. Data limitations identity obstacles to overcome and need to further assess potential risk and protective factors, especially resilience.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".