Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic urticaria: new hope for an old diseaseChronic urticaria (CU) is a well-known disease with two faces: so easy to diagnose and so difficult to treat.Having seen certainly more than 1000 urticaria patients, I tell students some sayings shared with other experienced dermatologists, such as 'If you don't know the cause or elicitor of urticaria within the first minute of talking to the patient, you will probably not find it out in the next 10 years!' or 'If you have a colleague whom you really don't like, just recommend him as an expert for chronic urticaria'.These are the frustrations of the past.Urticaria is one of the most common skin diseases; approximately, every second person suffers from acute urticaria at least once in their lifetime.Estimates range from 1% to 3% of the population affected by CU, defined as the occurrence of wheals and/or angioedema for 6 weeks or more.There is immense individual suffering, not only due to the excruciating itch but also due to the impact on the patient's whole personal life of an urticaria flare up.At the same time, considerable socioeconomic losses are caused by this disease, with duration times ranging over a average of 5-7 years and up to 50 years in some patients.Therefore, it is a major progression that new and effective treatment options are finally available, especially with monoclonal antibodies against human immunoglobulin (Ig) E (omalizumab), which has been around for the treatment of asthma for many years.This supplement reflects a summary of the topics and lectures given at the recent Global Urticaria Forum in November 2015 in Berlin, where international experts from Germany, Spain, UK, Denmark, Israel, Canada and New Zealand met and discussed the state of the art, actual problems, new opportunities and future developments in the field.It is thanks to the continuous efforts and the immense experience of Ana Gim enez-Arnau at Hospital del Mar, Barcelona and Marcus Maurer at Charit e -Universit€ atsmedizin Berlin that this symposium has been made possible.Regarding the clinical picture, Maurer et al. 1 report surprising findings in that almost 50% of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) also have episodes of angioedema.There is a significant predominance of the female sex, with approximately 70% women affected.The mast cell is at the centre of the pathophysiology of this disease.There has been tremendous progress in the last decade with regard to mechanisms of mast cell activation and signal transduction.However, the question as to what is the causal stimulus activating the mast cell in CSU is still open.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.014 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.022 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".