Lymphocyte apoptosis in ovariectomized mice given progesterone and voluntary exercise.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: At menopause, many women begin both exercise programs and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Although the effects of estrogen on exercise behavior and immune functions have been well characterized, less is known about the behavioral and immunological consequences of progesterone (P) administration. The purpose of the present study was to describe the effect of P on running behavior and on lymphoid tissue cell viability and apoptosis in ovariectomized female mice. METHODS: Adult female B6D2F1 mice were ovariectomized, allowed to recover for 1 week and implanted subcutaneously with 25 mg progesterone (n=42) or placebo pellet (n=42). Within hormone treatment, mice were randomized to running wheels or no running wheel conditions. After 21 days of wheel running and hormone exposure, mice were sacrificed for measurements of body weight, tissue weights, and thymocyte and splenocyte apoptosis, necrosis and viability with annexin-V FITC and propidium iodide by flow cytometry. RESULTS: P treated mice were heavier than placebo controls at sacrifice (p<0.001). Irrespective of hormone condition, mice increased the volume of spontaneous activity over time (p<0.001). Within the thymus, there were no differences by hormone or running condition on percent apoptosis, necrosis and viability. In the spleen, P marginally increased percent apoptosis (p<0.05) and reduced percent viability (p<0.001). Serum levels of P were higher in the hormone replaced mice compared with placebo mice (p<0.001) and in running compared with sedentary mice (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: P replacement in ovariectomized mice does not alter running volume relative to placebo animals. P alone was associated with a small increase in splenocyte apoptosis. The clinical relevance for postmenopausal women of lymphocyte viability changes needs to be determined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".