Measurements of long-range azimuthal anisotropies and associated Fourier coefficients for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.02</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> and 13 TeV and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mtext>Pb</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math> collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>NN</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.02</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> TeV with the ATLAS detector
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ATLAS measurements of two-particle correlations are presented for $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ and 13 TeV $pp$ collisions and for $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV $p+\text{Pb}$ collisions at the LHC. The correlation functions are measured as a function of relative azimuthal angle $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\phi}$, and pseudorapidity separation $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\eta}$, using charged particles detected within the pseudorapidity interval $|\ensuremath{\eta}|<2.5$. Azimuthal modulation in the long-range component of the correlation function, with $|\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\eta}|>2$, is studied using a template fitting procedure to remove a ``back-to-back'' contribution to the correlation function that primarily arises from hard-scattering processes. In addition to the elliptic, $\mathrm{cos}(2\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\phi})$, modulation observed in a previous measurement, the $pp$ correlation functions exhibit significant $\mathrm{cos}(3\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\phi})$ and $\mathrm{cos}(4\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\phi})$ modulation. The Fourier coefficients ${v}_{n,n}$ associated with the $\mathrm{cos}(n\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\phi})$ modulation of the correlation functions for $n=2--4$ are measured as a function of charged-particle multiplicity and charged-particle transverse momentum. The Fourier coefficients are observed to be compatible with $\mathrm{cos}(n\ensuremath{\phi})$ modulation of per-event single-particle azimuthal angle distributions. The single-particle Fourier coefficients ${v}_{n}$ are measured as a function of charged-particle multiplicity, and charged-particle transverse momentum for $n=2--4$. The integrated luminosities used in this analysis are, 64 ${\mathrm{nb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for the $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ data, 170 ${\mathrm{nb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for the $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV $pp$ data, and 28 ${\mathrm{nb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for the $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV $p+\text{Pb}$ data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".