Evaluation of the effect of Lake Hévíz thermal mineral water in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, controlled, single-blind, follow-up study.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis is the most frequent joint disease and is a leading cause of pain and locomotor disability in elderly people. The treatment of osteoarthritis includes non-pharmacological, pharmacological, and surgical therapies. Silver level evidence has been found concerning balneotherapy in osteoarthritis. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to evaluate how Lake Hévíz thermal mineral water therapy influences pain, knee function, and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis, compared to the control group. STUDY DESIGN: randomized, controlled, single-blind, follow-up study. SETTING: Spa Hévíz and St. Andrew Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases POPULATION: This study included 77 outpatients between 45 and 75 years of age with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee meeting the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. METHODS: Patients were randomized into two groups. In group I (n = 38), subjects bathed in Lake Hévíz and in group II (N.=39), patients were treated in a pool full of tap water. Water temperature was 34 °C for both groups. Participants underwent 30-minute therapy sessions, five times a week for three weeks. Outcome measures were pain visual analogue scale scores, active flexion degree, knee circumference, stair-climb time, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), and EuroQoL Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire score (EQ-5D). Study parameters were recorded at baseline, immediately after treatment, and after 15 weeks. RESULTS: Comparison of the two groups revealed a statistically significant difference in pain visual analogue scale scores (P<0.01), active flexion degree (P<0.01), physical function components of WOMAC (P<0.05), and EQ-5D scores (P<0.05) even after 15 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Balneotherapy improved pain, function as well as the quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Balneotherapy is a potentially useful treatment modality for patients with knee osteoarthritis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".