Effect of dextran sulfate sodium and acute exercise on mouse intestinal inflammation and lymphocyte cytochrome c levels.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: Athletes may experience gastrointestinal disturbances during intense exercise. Using a mouse model, we determined the influence of acute exercise (AE) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), a chemical known to induce intestinal inflammation, on: 1) inflammatory changes within small and large intestine, 2) extent of cell death as measured by cytochrome c levels in intestinal lymphocytes (IL) and 3) the effects of bovine lactoferrin (bLf), a dietary protein with anti-inflammatory properties, on these parameters. METHODS: DSS was given as 5% w/v in water for 4 days. AE consisted of 3 bouts of 90 min of exhaustive treadmill exercise, each separated by 24 h, with sacrifice before, immediately after, or 24 h after the final exercise bout. Mice were fed 2% bLf or control diet for 2 weeks before AE or DSS. Tissue inflammation was determined by histology and IL cytochrome c levels by Western blotting. RESULTS: AE increased plasma 8-iso-PGF2a, a marker of oxidative stress, immediately after relative to before exercise (P<0.01). Cytochrome c levels were elevated following bLf (P<0.01) and DSS (P<0.05) treatment whereas AE had no significant effect. DSS, but not AE, produced histological changes suggestive of intestinal inflammation with no attenuation by bLf. CONCLUSIONS: Three bouts of AE were not associated with intestinal inflammation or IL death in this animal model. Gastrointestinal disturbances arising from intense exercise in humans may not be due to direct inflammatory damage although this remains to be determined clinically.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".