Lest we forget: Early Canadian contributions to the care of children with congenital heart malformations.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a century of remarkable progress in medicine, one of the outstanding stories is the development of successful treatment of congenital heart malformations. This achievement is the outcome of the ideas and research of many people. Many of the early 'transforming' advances originated in Canada. Maude Abbott catalogued and classified heart malformations in a clinically meaningful manner. Arthur Charles and David Scott in Toronto, Ontario, produced a clinically useful heparin preparation, and the studies of Bill Bigelow led to the application of hypothermia in cardiac surgery. John Keith and Bill Mustard at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children, and Arnold Johnson and Tony Dobell at the Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, established the first Canadian programs devoted to the correction of congenital heart defects in childhood. Mustard devised the first widely successful operation for transposition of the great arteries. Flavio Coceani and Peter Olley discovered the role of prostaglandin E in the ductus arteriosus, and applied that knowledge clinically. The turn of the century is an appropriate time to celebrate these Canadian successes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".