[Asthma as a psychosomatic disease. The causes, scale of the problem, connection with alexithymia and asthma control].
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: It is well known, that psychological factors may have an influence on evolution and course of asthma, however few information is available about the scale of a problem and the factors which are associated with the psychogenic asthma. The aim of the study was to estimate the coincidence of asthma and the psychosomatic diseases, to evaluate the impact of a stress and strong emotions on an asthma exacerbation and the level of alexithymia. The level of alexithymia was also compared with asthma control level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted among 54 (75.9% female) patients with diagnosed asthma (mean age 54.37 ± 14.52 yrs). Research was carried out at SP CSK Warsaw. Patients filled in a questionnaire consisting of: Asthma Control Test (ACT), list of factors which may cause asthma excerbation, Toronto Alexithymia Scale 26 (TAS-26, E. Ścigała, T. Maruszewski translation). Patients took part in an interview gathering information about diagnosed diseases in which the presence of psychological or behavioural influences is thought to have played a major role in the etiology of physical disorders or disorders connected with stress but presented by the patient as somatic symptoms. Following diseases have been included: atopic dermatitis, depression, anorexia nervosa, irritable bowel syndrome, panic disorder (based on ICD-10 guidelines). Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 14.00 PL package, the level of statistical significance was p < 0.05. To check the relationship between the qualitative variables the non parametric test for independent samples was used. RESULTS: In 50% of cases patients with asthma had diagnosed at least one of following diseases: irritable bowel syndrome (n = 8), atopic dermatitis (n = 7), depression (n = 13), panic disorder (n = 9). Alexithymia was diagnosed in 11 cases (21.6%), relation between the level of alexithymia and stress and strong emotions was not found (χ² = 0,106, p > 0.05). Stress and/or strong emotions were marked as factors causing asthma exacerbation in 33 cases (61.1%). In the 72.5% of cases the asthma control was badly controlled, in 17.6% the asthma control was good, and in 9.8% the asthma control was complete. There was no connection between the asthma control and alexithymia (χ² = 0.358, p > 0.05). There was no relation between patients sex and the asthma control (χ² = 0.605; p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The high level of alexithymia among the patients with asthma, frequent coincidence of asthma and psychosomatic diseases and the distinct influence of stress and strong emotions on causing asthma exacerbations, proven in this study, confirm that asthma may be considered as the psychosomatic disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".