ARSITEKTUR TRADISIONAL TIONGHOA: TINJAUAN TERHADAP IDENTITAS, KARAKTER BUDAYA DAN EKSISTENSINYA

Budaya merupakan sebuah proses perkembangan pola pikir yang terjadi secara bertahap dalam waktu yang lama. Proses ini terjadi selama manusia ada dan terus berkembang sesuai dengan pengembangan wawasan keilmuan. Setting lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan kuat dalam pembentukan karakter budaya. Tionghoa merupakan etnis yang banyak melakukan perpindahan ke daerah lain termasuk diantaranya daerah barat dan asia, baik dengan hubungan perdagangan maupun ekspedisi. Saat ini, banyak ditemukan daerah Permukiman Tionghoa di beberapa tempat, sebut saja Pecinan atau China town. Namun yang menarik adalah perbedaan tempat dan lingkungan tersebut tidak membuat eksistensi Budaya Tionghoa memudar. Dari sekian banyak karakter budaya Tionghoa, yang paling menonjol adalah bentuk arsitekturnya. Hal ini terjadi karena bentuk budaya yang paling mudah dilihat adalah bentuk fisiknya dalam hal ini arsitektur bangunannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bagaimana Budaya Tionghoa dapat bertahan dengan eksistensi nilai arsitektur bangunannya. Pemahaman terhadap karakteristik Arsitektur Tionghoa menjadi sangat penting dalam memahami perkembangan budayanya. Penelitian ini dibatasi pada ruang lingkup arsitektur tradisional. Pemilihan wilayah studi juga berkaitan dengan perbandingan Arsitektur Tionghoa pada budaya barat dan timur. Interpretasi deskriptif berdasarkan persamaan dan perbedaan arsitektur bangunan akan menjelaskan bagaimana Etnis Tionghoa mampu meminimalisir pengaruh budaya lain terhadap karakter arsitekturnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan identitas arsitektur tradisional Tionghoa terbentuk dengan konsistensi terhadap nilai kepercayaanya. Sementara kepercayaan adalah landasan utama yang membentuk Kebudayaan Tionghoa. Oleh karena itu, refleksi eksistensi Budaya Tionghoa akan berimplikasi terhadap eksistensi identitas arsitekturnya Culture is a process of mindset development that occur gradually over a long time. This process occurs during human life on earth and continue to evolve in accordance with the development of scientific knowledge. The environment setting is one of the factors that play a strong role in shaping the cultural character. Chinese is ethnic which has a lot of migration to other areas such as western and asian regions, either by trading or expedition. Currently, many Chinese settlement areas are found in several places, called Pechinan or China town. The interesting one is the difference of environment where they live does not make the existence of their culture are fade. From several characters of Chinese culture, the most prominent is the architecture. This happens because of cultural forms is most easily seen in form of physical or architecture of the building. This study aims to identify how the Chinese culture can survive with the existence of architectural value. Understanding about Chinese architecture characteristic is very important to understand the development of the culture. This study limited only to the scope of traditional architecture. The selection of study area is also related to the comparation of Chinese architecture in western and eastern culture. Descriptive interpretation based on similarities and differences in the architecture of the building were able to explained how the Chinese ethnic minimize other cultural influences on the character of the architecture. The results showed that the traditional Chinese architectural identity is formed by the consistency of the religious value. While religion is the major base in the Chinese cultural forming. Therefore, the reflection of existence of Chinese culture have implications for the existence of their architectural identityREFERENCESBanks, J.A., Banks, McGee, C. A. 1989. 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