[Experiences from the county of Norrbotten: screening of hearing at the age of four crucial for detecting mild hearing impairment].
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the eighties the formerly well established hearing screening performed at the age of four has been debated, partly for economic reasons. One quarter of Sweden's counties have since then abolished it. But how many children do we detect by this screening? What significance does it have for a child that those around it are aware of a mild hearing impairment? In Norrbotten, in all, we found 123 children born 1989-1992 with a hearing impairment. The prevalence was 7.9 per thousand. 30 percent of the children were detected at the 4-years hearing screening, and of these 0.9/1,000 had a hearing impairment that was bilateral, 1.0/1,000 unilateral and 0.5/1,000 impairment only in the high frequencies. Also children with mild bilateral or unilateral hearing impairment can experience difficulties in school and among friends, especially in noisy surroundings, and benefit by knowing early about their hearing impairment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".