Effect of Selective Foliar Insecticides on<i>Amblyseius swirskii</i>(Acari: Phytoseiidae), 2014
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amblyseius swirskii is a generalist predator, widely known for its biocontrol potential against multiple pests (mites, thrips, and whiteflies) of nursery and greenhouse crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate susceptibility of A. swirskii to conventional insecticides known to be effective against various greenhouse pests. The trial was conducted on an ornamental pepper cultivar “Masquerade” at U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Florida to identify A. swirskii- compatible pesticides. Pepper plants were grown from seed in Fafard Pro-Mix (Canadian Formula; Conrad Fafard, Inc., Agawam, MA 01001-2907) medium in seedling trays and transplanted in 10.1 cm-diameter plastic pots when seedlings were ∼5-wk old. Plants were watered as needed (approximately two times a wk) and fertilized weekly with 50 ml/pot of Peters Professional 20-10-20 (325 ppm) (Scotts Co., Marysville, OH). The greenhouse was maintained at 26 ± 3°C and 75–80% RH. Once host plants reached flowering stage, 10 A. swirskii adults were released on the top leaves of each plant. Two wks after predatory mite release, insecticide applications were made using a small hand held sprayer delivering 65.5 ml/ m 2 at 211 kPa (30.6 psi); treated potted plants were spaced at 1.5 × 1.5 ft. The trial was setup in a RCB design with five replicates. Treatment effects were evaluated by carefully inspecting five top leaves of each pepper plant using a 30× hand held lens. Count data were subjected to square root transformation prior to conducting ANOVA and mean separation procedures. The data presented are the untransformed means. Means separation was performed using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the P < 0.05 level. A. swirskii populations varied greatly, however significant reduction in mite numbers were observed in all the pesticide treatments compared to the untreated check. Overall Spintor, Epimek and Movento were found to be most lethal on the three life stages (eggs, nymphs, adults) of mites. No significant difference in number of mite eggs was observed 24-h post application of treatments ( Table 1 ). However, significant reduction in number of mite eggs was observed (compared with the untreated check) in Spintor (76–97%), Epimek (78–91%), and Movento (69–83%) on DAT 5, 10, and 15. Similar results were obtained while evaluating different treatments for A. swirskii nymphs and adults, where Spintor, Epimek, and Movento provided significant reduction in the number of compared with the untreated check on all sampling dates, except DAT 1 ( Tables 2 and 3 ). Overture was found to be most benign on three life stages of A. swirskii among all of the insecticide treatments. No significant difference in the number of any of the life stages was observed in Overture treated plants compared with the untreated control on DAT 1 and 15. No phyto-toxicity symptoms were observed following any of the insecticide treatments. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, LSD test) Henderson-Tilton’s corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, LSD test) Henderson-Tilton’s corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, LSD test) Henderson-Tilton’s corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, LSD test) Henderson-Tilton’s corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, LSD test) Henderson-Tilton’s corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean. Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( P > 0.05, LSD test) Henderson-Tilton’s corrected percent mortality is presented in parentheses after each mean.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".