Upper Quarter Functional Stability in Female Volleyball Players with and without Anterior Shoulder Instability, with Consideration of Arm Dominance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was the comparison of the functional stability of dominant and non-dominant shoulder in female volleyball players with and without anterior shoulder instability, using YBT-UQ. Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, 28 female university volleyball players (age=20 to 25 years) were categorized into healthy (n=14) and anterior shoulder instability (n=14) group. Upper quarter y balance test (YBT-UQ) was used for measuring functional stability of both dominant and non-dominant shoulder. After checking the normal distribution of the results with 1-s Kolmogorov-Smirnov, paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test were used for comparing the dominant and non-dominant shoulder’s functional stability and for comparing the results between groups, respectively. Results: Higher YBT-UQ composite score was observed in non-dominant shoulder and dominant shoulder of the healthy group and the non-dominant shoulder and dominant (injured) shoulder of shoulder instability group, respectively. No significant difference was observed between functional stability of both shoulders of the healthy group (p=0.144), while the functional stability of the non-dominant shoulders of the instability group was significantly higher than the dominant unstable shoulders (p=0.001). The results of functional stability of the unstable shoulders of the injured group were significantly lower than the results of the dominant shoulders of the healthy group, while in non-dominant side, all directions but the Superolateral direction showed significant difference. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, functional stability of the unstable shoulder of female university volleyball players is lower than the functional stability of their non-dominant side or the functional stability of the healthy subjects therefore, we suggest that the upper extremity stabilization exercises, specially the closed kinetic chain exercises should be added to the shoulder rehabilitation programs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".