Use of X-ray CT scan to characterize the evolution of the hydraulic properties of a soil under drainage conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Characterization of soil hydraulic properties is essential for modelling water flow and solute transport in the vadose zone. These properties are often assessed assuming that the soil is a non-deformable (rigid) porous medium. However, under real conditions, such as those found in agricultural systems, the soil is constantly exposed to external stresses induced by farm machinery and by wetting and drying cycles, which constantly modify the soil hydraulic properties. The main objective of this work was to develop a methodological framework based on X-ray CT scanning to predict the spatio-temporal evolution of the hydraulic properties of a soil under drainage conditions. The methodological framework combines the particle size distribution of a soil and the fractal dimension of its porosity obtained from X-ray CT scans to predict the saturated hydraulic conductivity and volumetric deformation of a soil column. The results show that the proposed framework provides a realistic description of the spatio-temporal evolution of the hydraulic properties of a soil during the drainage process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".