HIV-1/AIDS Neuropathology in a Canadian Teaching Centre
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The nervous system is a major target of HIV-1 infection and site of many complications of AIDS. Most of our knowledge pertaining to the range and frequency of neuropathology in HIV-1/AIDS is from large centres outside Canada in different social and health care settings. The goal of the present study was to describe HIV-1/AIDS-associated neuropathology before and during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy at a Canadian teaching centre. METHODS: The records of the Department of Pathology, London Health Sciences Centre were electronically searched for cases of HIV-1/AIDS that came to postmortem examination since 1985. The clinical records and pathological materials were reviewed. RESULTS: Sixteen autopsies of HIV-1/AIDS were identified. All patients were male. Fourteen contracted HIV-1 through high risk homosexual activity, one through the transfusion of blood products and one through intravenous drug use. Three patients (19%) had pre-mortem evidence of HIV-1 associated dementia. At autopsy, 12 of the 16 cases had neuropathological findings and the most common diagnoses were HIV-1 encephalitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, toxoplasmosis, and primary CNS lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: High risk homosexual activity was a more prominent factor in acquiring AIDS in cases coming to postmortem examination compared with previous reports from most larger urban centres outside Canada where injection drug use and high risk heterosexual activity factored prominently. The incidence of HIV-1 associated dementia was similar to that reported previously. This study confirms the heavy burden and wide spectrum of disease experienced by the nervous system in HIV-1/AIDS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".