An Improved Technique for High Resolution Mitotic Chromosome Studies in Solanum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An improved method is described for the isolation of potato metaphase chromosomes for karyotypic and cytogenetic studies. Root tips from diploid Mexican species, Solanum pinnatisectum (2 n = 2 x = 24) and tetraploid cultivated S. tuberosum (2 n = 4 x = 48) were given four different pretreatments. The synthetic pyrethroid, Ambush, was the most stable and effective pretreatment reagent, providing the highest percentage of mitotic chromosomes at metaphase and the best spread of countable chromosomes for cytogenetic studies. Compared with an Ambush pretreatment at concentrations of 100-400 ppm, 1 to 10 ppm Ambush produced more easily distinguished chromosomes, which can be useful for comprehensive observation and karyotype analysis in both 2 x and 4 x potato species. This improved technique for examining mitotic chromosomes will be helpful in describing karyotypes, characterization of new hybrids, and identifying chromosome structural changes that are important in breeding schemes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".