Role of Oxygen Holes in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Li</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>CoO</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Revealed by Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fundamental electronic structure of the widely used battery material ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$ still remains a mystery. Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$ reveals that holes with strong O $2p$ character play an essential role in the electronic conductivity of the ${\mathrm{Co}}^{3+}/{\mathrm{Co}}^{4+}$ mixed valence ${\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$ layer. The oxygen holes are bound to the ${\mathrm{Co}}^{4+}$ sites and the Li-ion vacancy, suggesting that the Li-ion flow can be stabilized by oxygen hole back flow. Such an oxygen hole state of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$ is unique among the various oxide-based battery materials and is one of the key ingredients to improving their electronic and Li-ion conductivities.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.093 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".