"Hysteria" near the end of the twentieth century in Athens.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to study the frequencies of clinical manifestations traditionally associated with the concept of "hysteria", namely conversion, dissociation, and somatization in the emergency room of the Department of Psychiatry in Athens in the late 1990s, in a period of significant social change of the Greek culture towards more Western standards. We used a retrospective chart review of all new emergency room cases in a representative two-year period (1995-1997), replicating the method and the diagnostic classification of a study from our Department published 25 years ago, investigating similar changes in these symptoms in previous periods of change in the Greek social structure. Of 7424 new cases 215 (2.9%) fulfilled criteria for "hysteria", a significant reduction from the original study. Of these 28 were foreign, mostly from non-Western cultural settings. Male to female ratio (1:3) and mean age remained unchanged from the original study. Hysterical fits (pseudoseizures) were significantly less in comparison to the original study. Mental and vegetative conversion (corresponding to dissociative and somatoform disorders, respectively) remained unchanged, mixed conversion increased while changes in somatic conversion (conversion disorder) depended on the nationality of the patients. Over the last quarter century in Athens rates of patients with so called "hysterical symptoms" continue to decrease, as do the most dramatic presentations. These reductions however, are not so great to suggest a disappearance of the syndrome, while increase of the mixed forms suggest that sub-syndromes may have common underlying mechanisms. This may point towards a single disease process with multiple presentations rather than separate diagnostic categories. Culture appears to influence clinical expression of symptoms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".