Intravascular pulmonary metastases from sarcoma: appearance on computed tomography in 3 cases.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Various common malignant neoplasms (ie, liver, kidney, stomach, and breast) have been reported to embolize to the pulmonary arterial system. This uncommon occurrence can also result from metastatic sarcoma. We report 3 cases--2 chondrosarcomas and 1 osteosarcoma-associated with intravascular metastases to the pulmonary vasculature and discuss the clinical presentation and differentiating radiologic features on computed tomography (CT). DISCUSSION: Intravascular pulmonary tumour emboli may present with nonspecific respiratory symptoms or remain completely asymptomatic, and therefore, many patients are often misdiagnosed with thromboembolic disease or undiagnosed until autopsy. Chest CTs in all our patients demonstrated a striking pattern of multifocal tubular branching beaded opacities along the pulmonary vasculature in a multilobular distribution. CONCLUSION: Our observations and a review of the literature indicate that chest CT is the most useful diagnostic tool for detecting intravascular pulmonary tumour emboli. CT can distinguish this entity from mucous plugging by demonstrating the normal adjacent bronchus. The tubular nature of these metastases distinguishes them from the more common parenchymal metastases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".