Atmospheric Concentrations of Organochlorine Pesticides in the Northern Lake Victoria Watershed
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides may still be in use in the Eastern African region for agricultural purposes and for the control of mosquitoes. Atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides are expected to be higher in the tropics compared to temperate regions due to prevailing high temperatures. However, no study has been conducted to investigate atmospheric transport and deposition of pesticides in East Africa. In this study atmospheric concentration of organochloride pesticides in the air were determined at Kakira near Jinja from November 1999 to March 2000. Total DDT was in the range 64.8-610.9 pg/m 3 , dieldrin 23.6-90.8 (average 45.7) pg/m 3 , a-endosulfan 32.5-206.1 (average 92.4) pg/m 3 , lindane (y-HCH) 20.3-183.6 (average 70.5) pg/m 3 , chlordane and heptachlor and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) ranged from <0.1- 10.1 pg/m 3 . The insecticide p,p'-DDT metabolite, p,p'-DDE was the predominant DDT isomer ranging from 22.6-390.1 pg/m 3 . However, o,p'-DDT isomer was frequently detected (11.2-62.8 pg/m 3 ) and its metabolite p,p' DOE was relatively high ranging from 29.9-109.9 pg/m 3 . The most predominant organochloride pesticides in decreasing average concentration levels DDT (total), a-endosulfan and lindane, p,p-DDT, p,p' -DDT, p,p' -DOE, dieldrin and o,p' -DDT. Average levels of p,p' -DDT and p,p' -DOE at Kakira were lower than those reported for Brazzaville but higher than those reported for Lake Baikal and Southern Ontario while a-HCH, y-HCH, total chlordane, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) concentrations for Kakira were lower than those reported for Brazzaville, Lake Baikal in Russia, Southern Ontario. ln comparison with data from Senga Bay, Lake Malawi in Malawi, average DDT (total), p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, lindane (y-HCH) and LHCH levels were higher and average dieldrin, a-HCH, chlordane and HCB levels were lower. The presence of these chemicals in air at Kakira was most likely due to both local and regional inputs . Keywords : Concentration levels, organochloride pesticides, air, Lake Victoria
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".