[Effect of low dose heavy ion irradiation on subset percentage and cytokines expression of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with pancreatic cancer].
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of low dose heavy ion irradiation on the subset percentage and expression of cytokines of peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBL) in patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS: PBL from 21 patients with pancreatic cancer were divided into three groups: sham, X-ray and ¹²C⁶⁺ irradiation groups, and the cell responses were measured at 24 hours after radiation exposure. The percentages of T and NK cell subsets were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were examined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The cytokine protein levels in supernatant of cultured cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS: The percentage of T lymphocyte subsets was significantly increased at 24 hours after exposure to low dose radiation, and the effect was more pronounced in the group receiving 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ion irradiation than that in the group receiving X-ray irradiation [CD3⁺ T cells: (67.15 ± 4.36)% vs. (60.81 ± 8.35)%; CD3⁺ CD4⁺ T cells: (19.02 ± 2.35)% vs. (17.21 ± 2.86)%; CD3⁺ CD8⁺ T cells: (46.59 ± 6.07)% vs. (41.18 ± 6.35)%. (P < 0.05 for all)]. However, there were no significant changes in the CD3⁺ CD4⁺/CD3⁺ CD8⁺ ratio (0.67 for sham, 0.65 for X-ray, and 0.68 for ¹²C⁶⁺ groups) and percentage of NK cell subsets (P > 0.05 for all). Expression levels of IFN-γ mRNA (cycle threshold/CT value was 23.35 ± 3.16 for ¹²C⁶⁺, CT value was 27.25 ± 2.15 for X-ray) and IL-2 (CT value was 24.19 ± 3.56 for ¹²C⁶⁺, CT value was 27.85 ± 4.08 for X-ray) in PBL, and their protein levels in the supernatant were significantly increased at 24 hours after exposure to the low dose radiation (P < 0.05). The effects were more pronounced in the group receiving 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ion irradiation than that in the group receiving X-ray irradiation. However, there was no significant change in the TNF-α production of PBL. CONCLUSIONS: Low dose irradiation may alleviate the immune suppression caused by tumor burden and that the effect is more pronounced for 0.05 Gy high linear energy transfer (LET) ¹²C⁶⁺ irradiation. The percentage of T cell subsets and cytokines production could be used as sensitive indicators of acute response to low dose irradiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".