Screening for Protein-Protein Interactions in the Yeast Two-Hybrid System
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The two-hybrid system (THS) () is a molecular genetic screen that detects protein-protein interactions. The protein specified by the yeast GAL4 gene activates the transcription of genes involved in galactose metabolism. It has two functional domains, a DNA binding domain, Gal4BD, and a transcriptional activating domain, Gal4AD, which interact with DNA sequences in the promoter regions of GAL1, GAL2, and GAL7 to stimulate transcription. The screen involves two plasmids; one carries the GAL4 BD sequence fused, in-frame, to a sequence coding for a “bait” protein, and the other carries GAL4 AD sequences, fused to “prey” sequences from a cDNA library. The two plasmids are introduced, typically by transformation, into a yeast strain carrying a reporter gene coupled to a GAL1, GAL2, or GAL7 promoter. If the proteins encoded by the bait and prey sequences interact to allow correct positioning of the Gal4AD and GaL4BD moieties, the reporter gene is activated. Transformants are plated on medium that allows the detection of reporter gene activation. The plasmid carrying the GAL4 AD :cDNA plasmid can be recovered, and the positive cDNA isolated and characterized.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it