Temporal Changes in Pediatric Gastroenteritis after Rotavirus Vaccination in Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rotavirus and norovirus are among the leading causes of pediatric gastroenteritis. We examined the relative burden of pediatric gastroenteritis by etiology and compared the clinical severity of rotavirus and norovirus cases after the November 2011 implementation of publicly funded rotavirus vaccination program in Quebec. METHODS: Prospective, active surveillance for acute gastroenteritis among children aged 8 weeks to less than 3 years of age was implemented at 3 hospitals. Participant demographics, clinical histories and stools were collected; stools were tested for rotavirus, norovirus and sapovirus. Risk and absolute differences of several clinical severity outcomes were compared by etiology with adjustment for patient age. RESULTS: From February 2012 to May 2014, 734 eligible active surveillance patients were recruited, and stools from 705 (96.0%) were tested and included in study analyses. Of these, 20.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 16.5-24.3%] were rotavirus positive and 25.5% (95% CI: 21.3-29.8%) were norovirus positive, representing a difference of 5.1% (95% CI: 0.1-10.1%). When stratified by year, rotavirus and norovirus prevalence were similar from June 2012 to May 2013, but rotavirus prevalence was 21.4% (95% CI: 14.3-28.5%) lower than norovirus from June 2013 to May 2014. On average, rotavirus patients were more likely to be febrile, dehydrated, hospitalized and report more diarrheal episodes at the height of illness in comparison with norovirus patients of the same age. CONCLUSIONS: Norovirus infections were more prevalent than rotavirus infections among pediatric gastroenteritis cases hospitalized or seeking emergency care. Rotavirus cases were, on average, more clinically severe than norovirus cases among participants of the same age.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".