Smoking Prevention among Youth: A Multipronged Approach Involving Parents, Schools, and Society
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to examine the perspectives of professionals on youth smoking prevention. The researchers used a qualitative descriptive design with a purposive sample of 9 professionals consisting of elementary school teachers, public health nurses, and tobacco control experts from non-governmental organizations. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed for themes. The view of the participants was that although parents have the main responsibility for educating their children about smoking, a multipronged approach, which also includes school and society more generally, will have the greatest effect. The need for a comprehensive, multifaceted, multichannel approach might explain why single smoking prevention interventions are often ineffective. Public health nurses are in a prime position to foster and support parents' smoking prevention interventions with their children and to advocate for strong tobacco control social policy and best practice for smoking prevention curricula in schools.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.016 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".