Genesis of westerly wind bursts over the equatorial western Pacific during the onset of the strong 2015–2016 El Niño
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The strong 2015–2016 El Niño was initiated by several strong westerly wind bursts over the equatorial western Pacific in March and May 2015. These westerly wind bursts trigger eastward propagating warm Kelvin waves and lead to large sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the equatorial eastern Pacific. The first burst of westerly winds in early March was mainly induced by the Arctic Oscillation (AO) event. These westerly wind anomalies were enhanced subsequently due to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation activity and northerly cold surges from East Asia‐western Pacific in mid‐March. Another westerly wind burst in May, induced by anomalous southerly winds from the Australian continent, further increased the SST anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific. This study provides an evidence of the AO influence on this strong El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event and demonstrates the complexity in the genesis of westerly wind bursts during the El Niño outbreak, which may help improve the prediction of ENSO.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".