Nitrogen Removal by the Combined Partial Nitrification and Anammox Processes in the BioCAST Technology.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater through combined partial nitrification (PN) and anammox processes in a new integrated multi-environment wastewater treatment technology called BioCAST was investigated. Based on the design and operation strategy of BioCAST technology, it was assumed that this technology was suitable for nitrogen removal by the combined nitrification and anammox processes. This is due to the fact that the BioCAST technology contains several zones with different environmental conditions that are required for the growth and activity of both ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria. Moreover, the three zones are in physical contact with each other, implying that the byproduct of nitrification; i.e. nitrite will be readily converted by the anammox bacteria to nitrogen gas via the anammox process. The system operated with ammonium concentration in the range of 10 to 350 mg/l for 120 days at hydraulic retention times of 2 and 4 days. The nitrogen loading rates (NLR) during the reported operation period changed in the range of 0.0021 to 0.17 kg/m3.d. The most favorable dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration inside the aerobic, microaerophilic and anoxic zones of the first BioCAST bioreactor was found to be in the range of 0.9-1.2 mg/l, 0.1-0.4 mg/l and 0.0 mg/l, respectively. The most favorable pH during partial nitrification and anammox processes was found to be in the range of 7.5-8.1 in aerobic and microaerophilic zones and 7.8-8.1 in the anoxic zone of the bioreactor. The BioCAST technology demonstrated ammonia-nitrogen as well as total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies up to 85.6% and 81.2%, respectively, through PN and the anammox processes. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of irregular cauliflower structure of anammox bacteria inside the BioCAST bioreactor. In conclusion, the BioCAST technology with unique characteristics for combined partial nitrification (PN) and anammox processes is suitable for the removal of nitrogen from a synthetic wastewater without the need for organic carbon.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".