Prediction of Corrosion Occurrence by Simulating Multi-phased Fluid Flow in Downhole Tubulars in SAGD Production. I. Vertical and Horizontal Segments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of multi-phased fluid flow was conducted on vertical and horizontal segments of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD)/ CO2 co-injection tubulars. The fraction of water volume and wall shear stress profiles were determined, and the correlation with corrosion occurrence was assessed. Results show that there is a larger likelihood for corrosion to occur on horizontal tubulars than vertical ones due to the favorable water condensation and a higher wall shear stress at the bottom of the horizontal tubular under equivalent operating conditions. A mechanistic model was developed based on the fluid flow simulation and electrochemical corrosion mechanism, enabling prediction of tubular corrosion as a function of various operating parameters, including temperature, total pressure, CO2 partial pressure, flow rates and tubular size. The results support basis of recommendations toward the parametric effects on corrosion of steel tubulars, and prediction of corrosion rate of tubulars under SAGD/ CO2 co-injection conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".