Determination of CYP4All -Catalyzed Laurie Acid 12-Hydroxylation by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Radiometric Detection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The human CYP4.411 gene encodes a P450 protein that has been isolated from human kidney (, ) and liver () and purified to apparent homogeneity. CYP4All mRNA is present in greater abundance in kidney than in liver, whereas it is absent in lung (). Various fatty acids, including lauric acid (, , ), are substrates for recombinant CYP4Al l. Experiments with a panel of individual cDNA-expressed P450 enzymes indicate that CYP4Al l is a major lauric acid 12-hydroxylase (). Immunoinhibition experiments with heterologous and antihuman CYP4Al l antibodies have further established that CYP4Al l contributes a major fraction of the lauric acid 12-hydroxylase activity in human liver microsomes (, , ). Accordingly, microsomal lauric acid 12-hydroxylase activity is used as a marker for human hepatic CYP4A11. Although CYP4A11 is a major lauric acid 12-hydroxylase in human liver, lauric acid 11 -hydroxylation in this tissue is catalyzed by CYP2E1 and not CYP4A11 (, ). Several analytical methods are available for the quantification of 12-hydroxylauric acid, including the use of nonradioactive lauric acid as the substrate by a highperformance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay with fluorescence detection (, ). This chapter describes a radiometric HPLC assay for the determination of lauric acid 12-hydroxylase activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".