Effect of Extended π Conjugation on the Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Properties of Boron Difluoride Formazanate Complexes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of extended π conjugation on the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of boron difluoride (BF2) formazanate complexes was studied by the systematic comparison of phenyl- and naphthyl-substituted derivatives. Each of the BF2 complexes described was characterized by (1)H, (13)C, (11)B, and (19)F NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. X-ray crystallography and electronic structure calculations were used to rationalize the trends observed, including direct comparison of 3-cyano-, 3-nitro-, and 3-phenyl-substituted BF2 formazanate complexes. In all cases, the wavelengths of maximum absorption and emission were red-shifted as π conjugation was systematically extended (by replacing phenyl with naphthyl), fluorescence quantum yields increased (up to 10-fold), and electrochemical conversion of the formazanate complexes to their radical anion and dianion forms occurred at less negative potentials (easier to reduce).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".