Effect of Overconsolidation on K in Centrifuge Models Using CPT and Tactile Pressure Sensor
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Assessing the state of stress in soil in the free field, as defined by the vertical and lateral earth pressures, is important in some geotechnical problems such as the design of underground structures and estimation of soil liquefaction potential. Unlike the vertical earth pressure, several factors can influence the lateral earth pressure, particularly overconsolidation. This is typically accounted for by relating the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest, K0, with the estimated overconsolidation ratio (OCR). The corresponding relations available in the literature are related to the K0 occurring for a given OCR during unloading, and do not take into account the unloading–reloading effect that may be present in centrifuge tests. In this paper, the relationship between the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest, K0, and overconsolidation ratio, OCR, is investigated for the whole loading–unloading–reloading condition. Four centrifuge model experiments were conducted on Ottawa F#55 sand. Two of the models were tested using a tactile pressure sensor to measure K0 and the other two models were tested using a miniature cone penetration test (CPT) system. The paper concludes with recommendations for centrifuge operation when testing overconsolidated sand in the centrifuge.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it