Extracranial complications of endoscopic transsphenoidal sellar surgery.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for the resection of sellar tumours has rapidly increased in popularity. However, few studies report on the extracranial complications of this procedure. To be able to critically evaluate all of the outcomes from this approach, the occurrence of any extracranial complications that result from its performance needs to be established. OBJECTIVE: To examine specifically what extracranial complications are associated with this surgical approach to sellar lesions. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a consecutive case series was performed to identify the extracranial complications for primary sellar lesions operated on using an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach performed during the years 2003 to 2006. Patients had a minimal postoperative follow-up of 6 months. RESULTS: A total of 135 patients were eligible for analysis, of whom 82% underwent an isolated endoscopic transsellar approach to the sellar tumour. Extracranial complications occurred in 29.6% of the operated cases. The most common complications were prolonged nasal crusting (10.4%), synechia formation (8.8%), and septal deviation (3.7%). The use of a combined transplanum and transsellar approach was not associated with a significant increase in complications (p = .354). CONCLUSIONS: It is important that the outcomes, including the complications that can arise from the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach to sellar lesions, be established if meaningful comparisons are to be drawn between it and classic microscopic approaches to the sella turcica. From this study, although considered minor, up to one-third of patients may be expected to experience an extracranial complication from this surgery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".