Proof of principle of a stokes polarimetry probe for skin lesion evaluation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper covers two proof of principle trials in an ongoing project to develop a fast, portable, and low-cost optical probe that uses Stokes polarimetry to evaluate skin lesions. Polarization is a property of light waves that describes the orientation and shape of their oscillations. The polarization state can be described using Stokes parameters, and several measurements derived from these parameters such as the degree of polarization, the azimuth and ellipticity angles of the polarization ellipse, and the coordinates on a Poincaré sphere. The probe shines low-intensity polarization-controlled laser light at a lesion, and analyzes the backscattered light in order to detect how the light's polarization has been changed due to the light-tissue interaction. Testing with skin phantoms has demonstrated a relationship between phantom roughness and the degree of polarization. Preliminary testing on an in-vivo lesion showed that lesion sites demonstrated a lower degree of polarization as compared to normal skin. These results indicate our progress towards the development of a powerful and practical tool to assist skin lesion evaluation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".