Statistical Analyses of Unidirectional Static Forces on Instrumented Rowing Oarlocks
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The PowerLine System includes instrumented rowing oarlocks, which measure athlete-applied forces during on-water rowing. Despite its international popularity, limited research has considered the quality engineering of the PowerLine system. Accordingly, the following research examined the convergent validity and test-retest reliability of the PowerLine force measurements. Unidirectional static forces of up to 431N were applied to nine sweep and eight scull oarlocks over fifteen days of testing. The differences between the PowerLine force measurements and the known static forces were statistically analyzed. The PowerLine force measurements were consistent over the fifteen days of testing, but were 2.0% ± 0.8 percentage points less than the quantities of the known applied forces. Although the differences between the experimental measurements and known applied forces corresponded with the manufacturer's specifications, calibration factors for each PowerLine oarlock were generated to correct for the minor discrepancies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it