Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Cronobacter isolated from Powdered Infant Formula Retailed in Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cronobacter is a genus with emerging pathogens that has been associated with life threatening diseases in neonates, infants and immunocompromised adults. Three Cronobacter species were isolated from powdered infant formula retailed in Nigeria. Different methods of phenotypic and genotypic characterization were carried out. All the isolates were identified biochemically by Microscan identification analysis as Enterobacter sakazakii (98.87%). The Vitek MALDI-TOF system identified the isolates as Cronobacter sakazakii. 16S rRNA sequencing identified the isolates as C. sakazakii. In contrast the use of species-specific PCR assays targeting rpoB, and cgcA, helped to identify two of the three strains as C. sakazakii and the last strain was identified as C. malonaticus. Multi locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis was used to identify each strain’s sequence type and the results identified three new sequence types: 303, 304 and 296. C. sakazakii BAA 894 served as a positive control for all the experiments. Biochemical methods and commercial identification systems are not sensitive enough to identify Cronobacter strains to the species level. Molecular methods are needed to confirm the species identity of strains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".