A Study of the Determinants of Cost and Revenue Efficiency in the Context of Islamic and Conventional Banks: The Case of Malaysia from 2006 to 2012
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we examine the determinants of cost and revenue efficiency of Malaysian banks over the period 2006-2012. Three steps are undertaken to study a sample of 17 Islamic banks (IBs) and 20 conventional banks (CBs). In the first step, we assessed the competitiveness of the Malaysian banking sector. After solving the multicollinearity problem, as a second step, we selected three sets of independent variables: bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic variables. In the last step, we estimated the efficiency models with the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method. The obtained results highlighted the importance of regulatory capital and size. As for the effect of competitiveness, it is found to be statistically significant only for revenue efficiency. These results may be useful to political decision-makers and regulatory authorities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".