Cerebral Perfusion Changes in Children with and without Post-Concussion Syndrome Following a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Using Arterial Spin Labelling (P3.321)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine cerebral perfusion changes in children recovering from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Background: Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a method of assessing cerebral tissue perfusion non-invasively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recent research suggests that decreased cerebral perfusion occurs in the frontal lobes of teenagers with persistent symptoms several months after mTBI Methods: This was a prospective controlled cohort study. Children with mTBI were recruited from emergency departments or concussion clinics. Participants were contacted at 28 days post-injury. Healthy controls, similar in age and sex, were identified using siblings or friends of the mTBI group. A 3D pseudo cASL scan was performed at one and two-months post-injury. SPM 12 was used to analyze the processed cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps. Results: Seventy-one participants (mean age: 14.1 years; 95[percnt] confidence intervals: 13.5, 14.8) had cASL performed. All symptomatic participants (n=27) had imaging repeated in 4-6 weeks. There were significant differences in CBF across the groups. The adolescents who remained symptomatic showed regions of increased CBF when compared to controls, especially in the occipitoparietal region and the prefrontal cortex (overall pcrit < .05, voxel cluster-level >100). In contrast, asymptomatic participants had decreased CBF in the inferior temporal and parietal regions compared to controls. There were no significant voxel clusters where asymptomatic patients had greater perfusion than healthy controls. In the symptomatic participants, eleven voxel clusters demonstrated a significant reduction in CBF over a one-month period, primarily in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Conclusions: Children with and without symptoms show significant cerebral perfusion changes following mTBI. A previous study by Wang et al. found that symptomatic children have lower CBF compared to controls at 7.4 months. Our research suggests that cerebral perfusion initially increases and then decreases during recovery from paediatric mTBI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".