Effects of a Seven Day High-Fat Diet on Oral Glucose Tolerance and Endothelial Function in Young Males
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) has been shown to impair glucose homeostasis, glucose tolerance and vascular endothelial function. However, the relationships between these variables is not clear. PURPOSE: To examine the hypothesis that a seven-day HFD would induce relative glucose intolerance which would exacerbate hyperglycemia-induced impairments in endothelial function. METHODS: Nine males (21±3 yrs) were fed a diet consisting of ∼70% fat, ∼15% protein, and ∼15% carbohydrates that was isocaloric to their usual intake. Glucose tolerance was assessed before (pre-) and after (post-) the HFD by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Pre- and post-HFD, endothelial function was assessed by flow mediated dilation (FMD) in the fasted state before and one hour after the OGTT. Endothelial microparticles (EMPs), an established circulating biomarker for endothelial damage, were also measured at similar times points to the FMD test by flow cytometry. RESULTS: One week of a HFD induced relative glucose intolerance, indicated by higher peak glucose and two-hour area under the glucose curve (both P<0.05). Both before and after the HFD, acute glucose ingestion significantly reduced FMD when compared to the fasting state (pre-HFD fast: 7.9±0.9%; pre-HFD OGTT: 7.2±0.9%; post-HFD fast: 7.2±0.8%; post-HFD OGTT: 6.7±0.8%; main effect of OGTT, P<0.05). FMD was also significantly reduced (by ~8%) post-HFD when compared to pre-HFD (main effect of HFD, P<0.05). Although acute glucose ingestion had no effect on EMPs when assessed pre-HFD, there was a significant increase in both CD62E+ (+88%) and CD31+/CD42b- (+258%) EMPs one hour following glucose ingestion post-HFD, at the time point that corresponded to the reduction in FMD. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that a short-term HFD leads relative glucose intolerance and reduction in FMD in young males. The increase in EMPs and reduction in FMD following glucose ingestion post-HFD suggests that the HFD rendered the endothelium susceptible to hyperglycemia-induced damage and impaired dilatory capacity. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in at risk populations and determine whether EMPs are a useful biomarker of hyperglycemia-related endothelial damage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".