Pursuing Reinstatement to the Olympic Games: An Examination of the International Softball Federation’s Association with the Olympic Movement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2005, softball was excluded from the 2012 Olympic Games, along with baseball. Following the removal, the International Softball Federation (ISF) began its efforts to reinstate softball to the Olympic Programme. The purpose of this study was to analyze what, if any, influences the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and other involved organizations had on the ISF during its initial two bids to regain softball’s Olympic status between its exclusion at the 117th Session in Singapore and the 125th Session in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 2013. Relying on extensive interviews with key actors and an analysis of both primary and secondary sources, this study argues that the majority of institutional isomorphic changes emanated from the IOC during these reinstatement attempts. In addition, the ISF was influenced by the International Baseball Federation, the Olympic Council of Asia, and other stakeholders within the Olympic Movement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".