Bibliographic record
Abstract
JDSMStudy Objectives: The cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children is not fully known.The many risks and predisposing associated factors challenge its diagnosis and treatment.The objective of this research was to verify the differences in the volume and areas of the upper airways between children submitted to adenotonsillectomy for the treatment of OSA, but with persistent/recurrent postoperative OSA complaints, and a sex-age matched healthy control group, assisted by cone beam computed tomographic images. Methods:The study included a group of 20 children of both sexes, with mean age of 9.5 years, diagnosed with OSA and primary snoring (PS) by polysomnographic exam (AHI ≥ 3), angle class II, and retruded mandible, and a control group of 20 healthy children of both sexes, mean age of 7.4 years, with the same characteristics, but without respiratory complaints.Both groups were submitted to otolaryngological and orthodontic clinical examinations, and to cone beam computed tomography exam (CBCT).Areas and volumes of the nasopharynx and oropharynx and lower axial area were measured.Mean, standard deviation, confidence interval, and Student t-test with a 5% significance between these groups were analyzed. Results:The results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the volume and area of the nasopharynx of patients with OSAS compared to the same parameters in healthy patients.Children with OSA (SG) showed a significant narrowing in the nasopharynx and in the lower area of the upper airway (UA) compared to the control group (CG). Conclusions:Children with persistent OSA symptoms after adenotonsillectomy present with narrowing of the nasopharynx, and CBCT is a useful complementary test for orthodontic diagnostic and treatment planning of these patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.042 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.034 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".