Extremes Of Weight Gain And Weight Loss
Bibliographic record
Abstract
HISTORY: Extreme weight changes, or changes in weight greater than 10 kg within a 2 year period, can be caused by numerous factors that are much different than typical weight fluctuations. We examined two interesting cases of extreme weight change from participants in the Energy Balance Study to illustrate the physiological and behavioral variables associated with the weight change over a 15-month period, including rigorous assessments of energy intake, moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and energy expenditure, and body composition. Participant 1 was a 21 year old non-smoking African-American female who gained 11.1 kg over a 15 month period (Baseline Weight= 84.4 kg; Follow-up Weight= 95.5 kg). Participant 2 was a 30 year old Caucasian male who lost 17.4 kg over the same 15 month period (Baseline Weight= 93.5 kg; Follow-up Weight= 76.1 kg). PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Participants were measured at quarterly intervals for the following information: 1) body weight; 2) energy intake via interviewer administered 24-hour dietary recalls; 3) energy expenditure via a SenseWear Pro armband; and 4) surveys monitoring life events. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: -Extremes of weight change occurred in both participants. TEST AND RESULTS: -Participant 1 was far less active than the average female in the study, engaging in as little (MVPA) as 3.3 minutes/day at month 3, and as many as 65.0 minutes/day at month 15. Participant 1 also had difficulty accurately recording her energy intake, as the values were implausible. -Participant 2 engaged in far more MVPA than the average male in the study, participating in as much as 162.0 min/day at month 9. Participant 2 was able to more accurately track his energy intake as his MVPA increased. FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: -MVPA was an instrumental factor in the extreme weight changes that occurred in both subjects. -MVPA involvement also increased awareness of energy intake. TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: 1. The large amount of MVPA that Participant 2 regularly engaged in was a major catalyst for his weight loss. 2. Participant 1 had extremely low MVPA which may have contributed to her large weight gain. 3. MVPA should be encouraged for weight maintenance as well as for weight loss.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".