Parking-stall vacancy indicator system, based on deep convolutional neural networks
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parking-management systems, including services that recognize vacant stalls, can play a valuable role in reducing traffic and energy waste in large cities. Visual methods for detecting vacant parking spots are cost-effective options since they can take advantage of the cameras already available in many parking lots. However, visual-detection methods can be fragile and not easily generalizable. In this paper, we present a robust detection algorithm based on deep convolutional neural networks. We implemented and tested our algorithm on a large baseline dataset, and also tested on video feeds from web-accessible parking-lot cameras. Our detection method improved the state of the art AUC by 8.13%. It also showed robust performance in different testing scenarios including tests on public cameras. We have developed a fully functional system, from server-side image analysis to front-end user interface, to demonstrate the practicality of our method.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it