Longitudinal Study of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Macular Volume in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disorder previously thought to be a subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS). NMOSD is characterized by episodes of inflammation and damage to astrocytes that primarily results in damage to optic nerve and spinal cord. The objective of this exploratory study was to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure axonal and neuronal health in NMOSD eyes over time. METHODS: Nine patients with definite NMOSD were assessed at baseline and follow-up visits (time between visits: 35-55 months). OCT assessment involved a macular volume protocol and a retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness scan. RESULTS: The temporal, inferior, nasal, or superior quadrant and the mean global RNFL thickness, macular thickness, and volume of each NMOSD patient was unchanged compared with baseline for each eye separately and both together. There also was no change between the 2 time points for the OCT measures for eyes affected and unaffected by optic neuritis and all eyes together except for a significant change in the temporal RNFL quadrant when all NMOSD eyes were pooled together (mean = 2.88 μm, SD = 3.7, P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Unlike in MS eyes, ongoing RNFL and macular thinning secondary to brain and optic nerve atrophy could not be observed in NMOSD eyes during an observation period of 4 years. This might be an additional marker to distinguish these 2 diseases. However, to confirm this finding, more long-term data are needed to compare these 2 diseases longitudinally.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it