Acute Response to High Intensity and Moderate Intensity Exercise in Adults with Confirmed Airway Hyperresponsivness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exercise can induce bronchoconstriction in those with airway hyperresponsivness (AHR). This is thought to result from an increase in ventilation during exercise. High intensity interval exercise (HIIE) consists of intermittent recovery periods, which may allow for ventilation to recover and minimize bronchoconstriction. PURPOSE: To determine the acute response to HIIE, moderate intensity interval exercise (MIIE) and moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in adults with confirmed AHR. METHODS: AHR was confirmed in 9 participants (age: 21.1 ± 3.2 years) by a ≥10% decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) following a eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation challenge. Participants completed a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer; peak power output (PPO) was used to determine exercise intensity. Participants completed the HIIE (90% PPO for 1 minute, 10% PPO for 1 minute, repeated 10 times), MIIE (65% PPO for 1 minute, 10% PPO for 1 minute, repeated 10 times), and MICE (65% PPO for 20 minutes) in random order at least 72 hours apart. Lung function was assessed pre and post-exercise (immediately, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes post). Participants completed a questionnaire 24 and 48 hours post-exercise to determine the occurrence of late phase symptoms. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used for analysis. RESULTS: A greater decline in FEV1 was observed for MICE as compared to MIIE and HIIE (11.0%, 4.9%, 5.8%, respectively, p<0.01); the decline did not differ between MIIE and HIIE (NS). Moderate/severe symptoms of coughing (n=5), wheezing (n=3), shortness of breath (n=2), sore/dry itchy throat (n=2), chest tightness (n=3), increased mucous production (n=3), and sleep disturbances (n=2) were reported following the MICE. Slight/severe symptoms of coughing (n=4), wheezing (n=3), shortness of breath (n=2), sore/dry itchy throat (n=1), chest tightness (n=2), increased mucous production (n=3), and sleep disturbances (n=1) were reported following HIIE. Shortness of breath (n=2) was reported following MIIE. CONCLUSION: MICE appears to trigger bronchoconstriction in those with confirmed AHR; the changes in lung function are both statistically and clinically relevant. Both HIIE and MICE are associated with self-reported late phase symptoms. Interval exercise does not appear to trigger bronchoconstriction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".