Pencil-Beam Single-Point-Fed Dirac Leaky-Wave Antenna on a Transmission-Line Grid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) are widely used as single-point-fed linear antenna arrays. The extension of LWAs to two dimensions (2-D) implies that they can be used as single-point-fed 2-D antenna arrays without requiring a complex feeding network. However, generating a pencil beam from 2-D LWAs is not straightforward, and due care has to be taken for the design of the LWA. On the other hand, transmission-line (TL) grids have demonstrated interesting behaviors, such as an effective negative refractive index and growing of evanescent waves. In this letter, a single-point-fed TL-grid 2-D Dirac leaky-wave antenna (DLWA) design is proposed that generates a pencil beam at both broadside and slightly tilted angles. The TL-grid unit cell is analytically treated in light of its scattering and impedance matrices. The optimized TL-grid unit cell is shown to exhibit a closed bandgap in the dispersion relation that is also linearly varying with frequency (hence, it is a DLWA). The proposed 2-D DLWA design is fabricated, and the experimental results are presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".