MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort

Reply

2016· letter· en· W2466186770 on OpenAlexaffabout
Frank Lista, Ryan E Austin, Yashoda Singh, Jamil Ahmad

Bibliographic record

VenuePlastic & Reconstructive Surgery · 2016
Typeletter
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicBreast Implant and Reconstruction
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBreast reductionMammaplastyMedicineReduction (mathematics)ResectionSurgeryBreast tissueBreast cancer

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Sir: We thank the authors for their comments on our updated technique and accompanying video in the article “Vertical Scar Reduction Mammaplasty.”1 In our experience, this technique has been effective in addressing both functional and aesthetic concerns of patients with symptomatic mammary hypertrophy. We believe that vertical scar reduction mammaplasty is an important technique for all plastic surgeons to be comfortable with when dealing with this patient population. However, it is important that we begin to dispel the perception that vertical scar breast reduction is a difficult procedure to learn and master—the learning curve is no longer than that of any other breast reduction technique. Where the “difficulty” in vertical scar breast reduction primarily lies is that the final shape of the breast on the operating room table is different than the final postoperative appearance. Once the surgeon is comfortable with this, vertical scar breast reduction is actually a simpler, safer, and more efficient approach to reduction mammaplasty.1 With regard to their question about marking the medial and lateral limbs of the vertical skin pattern, it is important to have the vertical pillars meet in the midline of the breast. This can be accomplished through medial and lateral displacement of the breast2 or by approximating the planned position of the medial and lateral pillars to ensure that they meet in the midline with a skin pinch.3 The width of the vertical resection is not as important as ensuring that the vertical pillars will meet in the midline, and it is important to err on the side of caution when marking the vertical limbs—avoid overresection, which can lead to poor inferior pole shape. Cases of breast asymmetry are more difficult with any breast reduction technique, not only the vertical scar pattern techniques. In these cases, it is up to the surgeon to determine whether there are differences in the volume or skin laxity of the breasts, and adjust the markings to account for these differences. With regard to their point about excess vertical scar length, we manage this by gathering the skin of the vertical scar with the four-point gathering box stitch technique.4 The absolute length of the scar itself is not as important as the breast shape. Lassus previously described measurements of the distance between the inferior border of the areola and the inframammary crease in aesthetically pleasing breasts that ranged from 4.5 to 10 cm,3 whereas other authors have shown good results in vertical reductions with distances of up to 12 cm.5 In addition, the length of the vertical scar does not increase, and actually may decrease, following vertical scar reduction mammaplasty.6 We believe that gathering of the vertical scar is important to shorten the vertical scar to within the “normal range” described by Lassus, instead of focusing on one particular number.3 Dog-ear formation at the inferior aspect of the vertical incision is managed prophylactically using multiple methods. As we describe in the marking of the inferior resection margin, the vertical limbs are brought together in the shape of a V instead of rounding them off as a U. The aforementioned skin gathering of the vertical limbs also helps to control dog-ear formation. Furthermore, subcutaneous resection at the level of the inframammary crease is an important part of our technique for management of inferior scar puckering/dog-ear formation. It is important to note that we have not found it necessary to perform any horizontal extension of the vertical scar, the so-called short inverted-T or “owl” incision, in our vertical scar reduction technique. Finally, to the point of limitations of the vertical scar technique in patients desiring a small postoperative breast size, this can be a difficult problem. However, in many cases, patients with larger breasts have a larger body habitus, and we therefore educate the patients about creating a postoperative breast size that is proportional to their body size and shape. We also encourage these patients to lose weight through diet and exercise before surgery if a smaller size is desired. However, in cases of extremely large breast size in a smaller patient, the vertical scar technique may not provide an adequate reduction. In these cases, an L-scar, short inverted-T, of full inverted-T resection pattern may be required. Our video is intended to simplify and demystify the vertical scar reduction mammaplasty technique, and we encourage all plastic surgeons to not only adopt this technique themselves but to educate their trainees in this technique to avoid making vertical scar reduction mammaplasty seem overly difficult or complex. DISCLOSURE The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this communication. The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and publication of this communication. Frank Lista, M.D. The Plastic Surgery Clinic Mississauga, Ontario, and Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgery University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada Ryan E. Austin, M.D. Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgery University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada Yashoda Singh School of Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin, Ireland Jamil Ahmad, M.D. The Plastic Surgery Clinic Mississauga, Ontario, and Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgery University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Commentary · Consensus signal: Commentary
Teacher disagreement score0.276
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.232
Teacher spread0.210 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreCommentary

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2016
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venuePlastic & Reconstructive SurgerySame topicBreast Implant and ReconstructionFrench-language works237,207