Natural Radioactivity and dose Assessment in Sand and Sediment Samples from Kuakata Beach, Bangladesh
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The activity concentrations of radionuclides and their respective annual effective dose rates produced by 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were measured by using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector of relative efficiency 20%. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the sand samples were found to vary from 22.83 ± 4.11 to 100.21 ± 2.39 BqKg-1, 68.76 ± 2.86 BqKg-1 to 297.37 ± 4.32 BqKg-1 and 75.87 ± 15.75 to 161.81 ± 19.90 BqKg-1 with mean values 48.76, 126.11 and 292.38 Bqkg-1, respectively. For sediment samples the corresponding radionuclides ranged between 12.11 ± 1.99 and 31.64 ± 1.64 BqKg-1, 18.94 ± 1.90 BqKg-1 and 71.11 ± 2.88 BqKg-1 and 182.73 ± 19.81 BqKg-1 and 345.77 ± 21.07 BqKg-1, with mean values 19.67, 32.13 and 243.38 Bqkg-1, respectively. The absorbed dose rate was estimated to the range from 30.50 to 242.93 nGyh-1 with an average value of 74.87 nGyh-1. The estimated outdoor annual effective dose varied between 0.22 and 1.79 mSv/year with a mean value of 0.55 mSv/year, which is higher than the world average for outdoor annual effective dose (0.07 mSv/year). The external hazard indices for the samples varied from 0.17 to 1.43 with the average value of 0.44, which is less than the unity. The average value of radium equivalent activity was estimated and found to be 161.40 BqKg-1 which is less than the acceptable limit of world average value of 370 BqKg-1.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 1, 45-55, 2016
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".