Bibliographic record
Abstract
Regionalism has played a tremendous part in defining Canadian identity in a federation still divided along regional lines. Since the 1870s, Western Canada has often felt left aside from the politically powerful provinces of Ontario and Quebec: this federal lack of interest goes hand in hand with unfair representative power both in the Senate and in the House of Commons.As a result, this politically and economically divergent region has created several political parties. For example, the CCF originated in Western Canada in the 1930s with strong socialist leanings. During the Great Depression, William Aberhart founded the Social Credit which had a long-term influence in Alberta. As for the Reform Party, whose only leader was Preston Manning, it remained a federal party whose original aim was to promote Western issues in Ottawa. Finally, separatist parties came into being with the involvement of Douglas Christie at the head of the Western Block Party.Undoubtedly, Westerners have shown how dynamic involved they could be to see their diversity represented provincially and federally. And yet, political heterogeneity is not always reflected: indeed, it seems that Western Canada is heading from a two-party system to a one-party system where political organizations have different labels or names rather than deep ideological divergences
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.025 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".