Hydraulic Performance of Overlapped Geosynthetic Clay Liner Seams Requiring Field-Applied Supplemental Bentonite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AbstractThis article investigates the hydraulic performance of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) overlapped seams subjected to nonuniform stresses due to a wrinkle in an overlying geomembrane. The performance when the GCL seam was parallel to and directly below a wrinkle depended on the width of the GCL seam relative to the deformed wrinkle. When both ends of the seam were confined under vertical stress from the deformed wrinkle, there was no evidence of preferential flow along the seam, and the magnitude of flow was slightly smaller than the case with just a single intact GCL panel beneath the wrinkle. Flow through the GCL seam when perpendicular to a wrinkle was mostly affected by the presence and distribution of supplemental bentonite. With no supplemental bentonite, flow was 370 times greater than that through an intact GCL panel beneath the wrinkle. Application of 400 g/m of supplemental bentonite piled along the center of the seam decreased the flow by more than two orders of magnitude compared with ha...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".